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Biography

In deportation

On 23 February 1944, the Chechen and Ingush were deported to Kazakh SSR and Kirghiz SSR. Idris was deported to Kyrgyzstan where he worked as an administrator at the Frunze Opera and Ballet Theater. It was forbidden for exiled writers to write and publish at that time, so Bazorkin resorted to collecting material for his works, hoping for further rehabilitation.

The deported peoples , especially after the 20th Congress of the CPSU, began to hope that justice would be restored to them. In Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, a national movement for returning to the homeland began, the informal leader of which was Idris, who at that time worked as the chief administrator of the State Kyrgyz Opera and Ballet Theater.

On 9 June 1956, at the head of a group of representatives of the Chechen and Ingush intelligentsia, the writer arrived in Moscow to meet with the First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR A. I. Mikoyan . A.I. Mikoyan promised the members of the delegation to multiply the letters given to him by the members of the delegation and send them to all members of the government and assist in the restoration of the Chechen Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic . On November 24, 1956, the CPSU Central Committee adopted a resolution “On the restoration of the national autonomy of the Kalmyk, Karachay, Balkar, Chechen and Ingush peoples.” In September 1956, a group of Ingush writers and other representatives of the intelligentsia, among whom was Idris, addressed the Presidium of the Board of the USSR Union of Writers with an appeal in which they petitioned for “the return of the Ingush people to the fraternal family of Soviet peoples and the restoration of the autonomy of the Ingush and Chechens.” The appeal received a great response among the Soviet party bureaucracy, since it was forwarded by the secretary of the board of the Union of Writers of the USSR A. Surkov to the Central Committee of the CPSU. Such initiatives of the Ingush intelligentsia had a certain positive impact on the country's leadership making the decision to restore the Chechen Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic [9] .

Homecoming In 1957, Idris returned to Grozny. In 1958, he wrote the first adventure story in Ingush literature, “The Call.” It is based on real events during the Civil War in the city of Vladikavkaz at the beginning of 1918: a handful of Ingush from the disbanded “Wild Division” in Simonov’s house in the center of Vladikavkaz protect the military property of their regiment from the advancing forces of the White Guards . Only the detachment of the Civil War hero Khizir Ortskhanov, who arrived to help, saves them from death in a half-flooded basement [3] . It also tells about Khamid Kotiev , how he, as a 14-year-old teenager, together with his older brothers Daud and Akhmet, fought fiercely against enemies [10]

While working at the Frunze Opera and Ballet Theater , Idris observed the formation of the future famous choreographer Makhmud Esambaev . Esambaev’s biography formed the basis of Bazorkin’s essay “Labor and Roses,” which in turn served as the basis for the script for the film “I will dance!” . The film was shot in 1963 at the Azerbaijanfilm studio, Mahmud Esambaev played the role of himself in it; Besides him, famous artists Vladimir Thapsaev , Leila Abashidze and others played in the film [3] .

In 1960, a two-volume selected collection of works by Idris Bazorkin was published in the Ingush language (works written by Bazorkin in Russian and included in the two-volume set were translated into Ingush by the author himself); in 1963, his one-volume book was published in Russian [3] .

The novel “From the Darkness of Ages” Detailed consideration of the topic: From the Darkness of Ages In his notebook Bazorkin writes:

“On February 15, 1963, having finished everything with my literary “past,” having published two volumes in the Ingush language, one in Russian, and having completed the creation of the film, I began to systematize the material accumulated for the novel.”

Having retired to a government dacha in the Dzheirakh Gorge , Bazorkin began writing the epic novel “From the Darkness of Ages,” which became the writer’s life’s work. He finished it in a record short time for Bazorkin - 152 days, in the amount of 38 author's sheets. During this time, Bazorkin re-read thousands of records, received hundreds of responses to requests to state archives, and interviewed dozens of living witnesses of that time. The novel is divided into 42 chapters and consists of three books. The novel became the main book not only of Bazorkin, but of all Ingush literature. During the publication of the novel in 1968, Bazorkin moved to permanent residence in Ordzhonikidze [3] .

An opinion arose about the novel “From the Darkness of Ages” as an encyclopedia of the life of the Ingush people, although the author refuses such a definition [3] :

“This book is not an encyclopedia of the life of the Ingush people over the past century. It will talk about the formation of personality, the struggle of characters in the context of significant historical events...

... This made me think that I should share all this with my contemporaries and those writers who will recognize us from afar.”

The action of the novel begins in the 60s of the 19th century , and in the first five chapters it does not go beyond the borders of mountainous Ingushetia. In chapters 6 - 9, the actions go beyond the borders of Ingushetia and unfold on a wide field: Vladikavkaz, Petrograd , Prussia , etc. Although there are few historical figures in the novel ( abrek Zelimkhan , Mussa Kundukhov , Georgy Tsagolov , Sergei Kirov and several more), “ From the Darkness of Ages" is perceived as a historical novel. Bazorkin, in his characteristic style, describes in detail the life, customs, customs, and rituals of that period when the majority of the Ingush people still adhered to paganism. Typical in this context are the images of the priest Elmurza and mullah Hassan-Khadzhi. Many critics in the description of pagan rituals saw the author’s admiration for them, almost their idealization. Others explained this by the author’s desire for authenticity in the depiction of these events. The central figure of the novel is Kaloy. Through the attitude towards him and his attitude towards others, the significance of most of the characters in the novel is revealed, their character is shown [3] .

The novel, like most of the author’s other works, is written in Russian, so the question of classifying this work by Bazorkin as Ingush literature, and not Soviet, is still debatable. Enthusiastic reviews of the novel were written by such critics as Nafi Dzhusoity , Aza Khadartseva , Udziyat Dalgat , Grigory Lomidze and others [3] .

The fate of the novel's continuation The writer planned to write a sequel to the novel. According to his plan, the epic novel was to consist of three books: the first, “From the Darkness of Ages,” ends in 1918; the second, codenamed “Inhabitants of the Towers,” was supposed to end with the events of 1941 , and the third, “The Secret of Olgetta’s Castle,” was supposed to end until 1958, when the Ingush return from exile [3] .

For the second and third books, the preparations were already ready, the main plot lines were outlined, the characteristics and some dialogues were written. The writer published two chapters of the second book of the novel in 1982 in the newspaper “ Grozny Rabochiy ”, under the title “The Great Burning”. One of the plots of these chapters is the dialogue between Vladimir Lenin and Magomed Yandarov, who was heading to the North Caucasus as Extraordinary Commissioner of the South of Russia (later he was replaced by G.K. Ordzhonikidze ). To depict the image of the leader of the revolution, it was necessary to obtain special permission from the party leadership. Lenin's meeting with Yandarov was not documented, although Bazorkin logically assumed that it took place. Thus, the party propaganda check slowed down work on the continuation of the novel. The story of the first chapters from the continuation of the novel made it clear to the writer that further work on it would involve even greater censorship: after all, he had to cover the forbidden pages of the history of the Civil War, collectivization , and the deportation of peoples during the Great Patriotic War. Therefore, the author decided not to write a continuation of the novel until better times [3] .

Social activities See also: Rally in Grozny (1973) At the end of 1972, Bazorkin initiated a collective letter to the Central Committee of the CPSU , in which he raised the issue of returning the Prigorodny region of North Ossetia to the jurisdiction of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic [3] .

Constant discrimination against the Ingush in the Prigorodny region forced them to organize a rally in Grozny on January 16–19, 1973 [11] , at which they demanded that the Soviet authorities solve the problem of the Prigorodny region and provide the Ingush with social equality with the Ossetians [12] . One of the leaders of this movement was Bazorkin [13] . Despite the fact that the rally was peaceful, held under the slogans of “ friendship of peoples ”, “restoration of Leninist norms” with the Ingush themselves maintaining order, they did not receive any reaction from the authorities and the rally ended in clashes with the police and the condemnation of its most active participants [12] . Thus, the organizers of the rally, including Bazorkin, were accused of nationalism. Bazorkin was expelled from the ranks of the CPSU , his books were removed from libraries, and his name was deleted from textbooks and anthologies [3] .

According to Bazorkin himself, after the rally the situation of the Ingush in the Prigorodny district improved somewhat. The Ingush language began to be taught in schools, literature in the Ingush language arrived in the republic, broadcasts in the Ingush language on radio and television began, for the first time Ingush deputies appeared in the Ordzhonikidze City Executive Committee and the Suburban District Executive Committee. However, much remained the same: the authorities continued to restrict the registration of Ingush in the district, Ingush children could not receive a normal education, discrimination in hiring continued, Ingush were negatively portrayed in historical and fiction literature [14] .

Last years and death During the Ossetian-Ingush ethnic conflict in the Prigorodny region of North Ossetia and in Vladikavkaz in October-November 1992 , the writer was taken hostage by representatives of North Ossetian gangs [15] , and personal property, including the manuscript of the continuation of the epic novel, was exported by unidentified persons. According to neighbors, it is known that four people in civilian clothes, accompanied by a platoon (12 people) of fully equipped armed soldiers, who arrived at the house where Idris Bazorkin lived in a passenger car and a UAZ military minibus, carried out and took away several large cardboard boxes from the writer’s apartment. boxes full of papers. The fate of the manuscripts is still unknown.

In November 1992, immediately after the end of the armed phase of the conflict, the writer was taken to Ingushetia, where he died on May 31, 1993 . He was buried in the family village of Egikal .

Bibliography

• "Iz t’my vekov." [1968] In Sobranie sochinenii, vol. 1 and 2, edited by Ia. Patiev. Magas, Ingushetia: Serdalo, 2001–2.